1974 MD with Honours University of Milan

1980 MRCPsych (Member of Royal College of Psychiatrists), UK.

1989 Associate Member British Psychoanalytical Society, UK

2004 Fellow British Psychoanalytical Society, UK.

2006 FRCPsych (Fellow Royal College of Psychiatrists), UK.

2007 Postgraduate Diploma in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, UK.